A SPAD camera refers to an arrangement of multiple single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) that are integrated into a two-dimensional rows and columns format. Each SPAD within the array operates independently and is capable of detecting individual photons. The SPAD camera combines the sensitivity and photon-counting capabilities of SPADs with the ability to detect photons across a larger spatial area.

Each SPAD in the camera array is assigned a unique address, allowing individual SPADs to be accessed and controlled independently. This addressing scheme enables selective readout of specific SPADs or groups of SPADs within the array, providing flexibility in data acquisition and analysis.

The main advantage of using a SPAD array is the ability to perform spatially resolved photon detection. By detecting photons across multiple locations simultaneously, it allows for the capture of detailed spatial information about the incoming light. This is particularly useful in applications such as imaging, where the spatial distribution of photons can be used to construct images or maps.